Publications by ADB Principals
Bentzen, B.L., Scott, A.C., Barlow, J.M., Wall Emerson, R., & Graham, J. (2022). Guidance surface to help vision-disabled pedestrians locate crosswalks and align to cross. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2676(10), 645-655. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221090934 (Received a 2022 Best Paper Award, Transportation Research Board – Pedestrian Committee)
Bentzen, B.L., Scott, A.C., & Myers, L. (2020). Delineator for separated bicycle lanes at sidewalk level. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2674(7), 398-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120922991
Bentzen, B.L., Scott, A.C., Wall Emerson, R., & Barlow, J. M. (2020). Effect of tactile walking surface indicators on travelers with mobility disabilities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2674(7), 410-419. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120922995
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., Scott, A.C., Guth D.A., Long, R., & Graham, J. (2017). Wayfinding problems for blind pedestrians at noncorner crosswalks: Novel solution. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2661(1), 120-125. https://doi.org/10.3141/2661-14
Scott, A.C., Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., Guth D.A., & Graham, J. (2014). Far-side audible beaconing of accessible pedestrian signals: Is it confusing? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2464(1), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.3141/2464-17
Barlow, J.M., Scott, A.C., Bentzen, B.L., Guth, D.A., & Graham, J. (2013). Effectiveness of audible and tactile heading cues at complex intersections for pedestrians who are blind. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2393(1), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.3141/2393-17
Scott, A.C., Swenson, L.J., Bentzen, B.L., & Barlow, J.M. (2013). Countdown-only pedestrian change interval displays: Effect on signal recognition by pedestrians with reduced visual acuity. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2384(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.3141/2384-02
Scott, A.C., Atkins, K.N., Bentzen, B.L., & Barlow, J.M. (2012). Perception of pedestrian traffic signals by pedestrians with varying levels of vision. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2299(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.3141/2299-07 (Received a 2012 Best Paper Award, Transportation Research Board – Pedestrian Committee)
Tiemann, T.K., Scott, A.C., & Atkins, K.N. (2012). Sidewalks, streets, and walkability. Spaces and Flows: An International Journal of Urban and ExtraUrban Studies, 2 (3), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8676/CGP/v02i03/53650
Scott, A.C., Barlow, J.M., Guth, D.A., Bentzen, B.L., Cunningham, C.M., & Long, R. (2011). Nonvisual cues for aligning to cross streets. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 105(10), 648-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1110501011
Scott, A. C., Barlow, J. M., Guth, D. A., Bentzen, B. L., Cunningham, C. M., & Long, R. (2011). Walking between the lines: Nonvisual cues for maintaining heading during street crossings. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 105(10), 662-674. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X1110501012
Barlow, J.M., Scott, A.C., & Bentzen, B.L. (2009). Audible beaconing with accessible pedestrian signals. AER Journal: Research and Practice in Visual Impairment and Blindness, 2(4), 149-158. Retrieved from link.
Scott, A.C., Barlow, J.M., Bentzen, B.L., Bond, T.L.Y. & Gubbe, D. (2008). Accessible Pedestrian Signals at complex intersections: Effects on blind pedestrians. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2073, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.3141/2073-11
Franck, L., & Barlow, J.M. (2008). Can you see me now? Signals for blind pedestrians, the new world. IMSA Journal, 46(2), 30-38.
Harkey, D.L., Carter, D.L., Barlow, J.M., Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Scott, A. (2007). Guidelines for Accessible Pedestrian Signals, Final Report. Contractor’s Final Report for NCHRP Project 3-62, NCHRP Web-Only Document 117B. Retrieved from link.
Harkey, D.L., Carter, D.L., Barlow, J.M., & Bentzen, B.L. (2007). Accessible Pedestrian Signals: A Guide to Best Practice. NCHRP Web-Only Document 117A. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B. L., Scott, A. C., & Barlow, J. M. (2006). Accessible pedestrian signals: Effect of device features. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1982(1), 30-37. Retrieved from link.
Carter, D.L., Harkey, D.L., Bentzen, B.L., and Barlow, J.M. (2006). Development of an intersection prioritization tool for accessible pedestrian signal installation. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1982, 13-20. Retrieved from link.
Noyce, D.A., & Bentzen, B.L. (2006). Determination of pedestrian pushbutton activation duration at typical signalized intersections. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1939, 63-68. Retrieved from link.
Scott, A. C., Myers, L., Barlow, J. M., & Bentzen, B. L. (2005). Accessible pedestrian signals: The effect of pushbutton location and audible “walk” indications on pedestrian behavior. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1939(1), 69-76. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J.M., Bentzen, B.L., & Bond, T. (2005). Blind pedestrians and the changing technology and geometry of signalized intersections: Safety, Orientation, and Independence. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 99, 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X0509901003
Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L. (2005). Crossroads: Modern interactive intersections and Accessible Pedestrian Signals. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 99, 599-610. Retrieved from link.
Scott, A.C., Myers, L., Barlow, J. M., & Bentzen, B.L. (2005). Accessible Pedestrian Signals: The effect of pushbutton location and audible “walk” indications on pedestrian behavior. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1939(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.3141/1939-09
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Bond, T. (2004). Challenges of unfamiliar signalized intersections for pedestrians who are blind: Research on safety. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1878, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.3141/1878-07
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L. (2004). Speech messages for Accessible Pedestrian Signals. ITE Journal, 74(9), 20-24. Retrieved from link.
Ashmead, D.H., Wall, R.S., Bentzen, B.L., & Barlow, J.M. (2004). Which crosswalk? Effects of audible pedestrian signal characteristics. ITE Journal, 74(9), 26-31. Retrieved from link.
Wall, R.S., Ashmead, D.H., Bentzen, B.L., & Barlow, J. (2004). Directional guidance of audible pedestrian signals for street crossing. Ergonomics, 47(12), 1318-1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001712609
Barlow, J.M., Bentzen, B.L., & Tabor, L. (2003) Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Synthesis and Guide to Best Practice. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 3-62. Retrieved from link.
Noyce, D.A., & Barlow, J.M. (2003). Interfacing Accessible Pedestrian Signals with Traffic Signal Control Equipment. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Access Board. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L. (2002). Determining Recommended Language for Speech Messages used by Accessible Pedestrian Signals: Final Report. Accessible Design for the Blind. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J.M., Franck, L., Bentzen, B.L., & Sauerburger, D. (2001). Pedestrian clearance intervals at modern intersections: Implications for the safety of pedestrians who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 95, 663-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X0109501105
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Brabyn, J. (2001). New orientation and accessibility option for persons with visual impairment: transportation applications for remote infrared audible signage. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 84, 120-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2001.tb04955.x
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L. (2000). Addressing barriers to blind pedestrians at signalized intersections. ITE Journal, 70(9), 32-35. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Gubbé, D. (2000). Locator tones for pedestrian signals. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1705, 40-42. https://doi.org/10.3141/1705-07
Bentzen, B.L., Barlow, J.M., & Tabor, L. (2000). Detectable warnings: Synthesis of U.S. and international practice. Washington, DC, US Access Board. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J.M., & Franck, L. (1999). The Modern intersection. The Braille Forum, 37, 23-27.
Bentzen, B.L., Crandall, W.F., & Myers, L. (1999). Wayfinding system for transportation services: Remote infrared audible signage for transit stations, surface transit, and intersections. Transportation Research Record, 1671, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.3141/1671-04
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L. (1999). Remote Signage development to address current and emerging access problems for blind individuals. Part III. Emergency information for people with visual impairments: Evaluation of five accessible formats. Report to National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research.
Crandall, W., Brabyn, J., Bentzen, B., & Myers, L. (1999). Remote infrared signage evaluation for transit stations and intersections. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36, 341-355. Retrieved from link.
Carroll, J., & Bentzen, B.L. (1999). American Council of the Blind survey of intersection accessibility. The Braille Forum, 38, 11-15.
Easton, R.D., & Bentzen, B.L. (1999). The effect of extended acoustic training on spatial updating in adults who are congenitally blind. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 93, 405-415. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., & Tabor, L. (1998). Accessible Pedestrian Signals. Washington, DC, US Access Board.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L. (1998) Remote Signage development to address current and emerging access problems for blind individuals. Part I. Report to National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Retrieved from link.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L. (1998) Remote Signage development to address current and emerging access problems for blind individuals. Part II. Report to National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Crandall, W., & Myers, L. (1997). Use of remote infrared signage in a complex transit station by persons with developmental delays or dyslexia. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 91, 407-410. Retrieved from link.
B Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L.A. (1997). Human factors research, Appendix C in Detectable warnings evaluation services. Menlo Park, CA: Crain & Associates, Inc.
Bentzen, B.L. (1997). “Orientation Aids,” In B. Blasch, W. Wiener, & R. Welch (Eds.), Foundations of orientation and mobility. New York: American Foundation for the Blind.
Bentzen, B.L. (1997). “Environmental Accessibility,” In B. Blasch, W. Wiener, & R. Welch (Eds.), Foundations of orientation and mobility. New York: American Foundation for the Blind.
Jeka, J.J., Easton R. D., Bentzen, B. L., & Lackner, J.R. (1996). Haptic cues for orientation and postural control in sighted and blind individuals. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(3), 409-423. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03206817
Bentzen, B.L. (1996). Transit vehicle signage for persons who are blind or visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 90(4), 352-356. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., & Mitchell, P.A. (1995). Audible signage as a wayfinding aid: Verbal Landmark vs. Talking Signs. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 89(6), 494-505. Retrieved from link.
Crandall, W.F., Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L. (1995). Remote infrared signage for people who are blind or print disabled: A surface transit accessibility study. Final Report. US Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., & Myers, L. (1995). Infrared remote signage for people who are blind or print disabled: Part II: A public transit accessibility study. Final Report. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Mitchell, P. (1995). Transit accessibility improvement through Talking Signs® remote infrared signage: A demonstration and evaluation. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society. Retrieved from link.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Steed, D. (1995). Talking Signs remote infrared signage: A guide for transit managers. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Myers, L., & Crandall, W.F. (1995). Talking Signs system: Guide for trainers. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society.
Bentzen, B.L., & Barlow, J.M. (1995). Impact of curb ramps on safety of persons who are blind. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 89(4), 319-328. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J., & Bentzen, B.L. (1995). Cues blind travelers use to detect streets. Technical report. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Federal Transit Administration.
Bentzen, B.L. (1994). Detectable warnings in transit facilities: Safety & negotiability. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J.M., & Bentzen, B.L. (1994). Cues blind travelers use to detect streets. Technical Report. Cambridge, MA: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center.
Bentzen, B.L., Nolin, T.L., & Easton, R.D. (1994). Detectable warning surfaces: Color, contrast and reflectance. Final report. US Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. VNTSC-DTRS 57-93-P-80546. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Nolin, T.L., Easton, R.D., Desmarais, L., & Mitchell, P.A. (1994). Detectable warnings: Safety & negotiability on slopes for persons who are physically impaired. Federal Transit Administration and Project ACTION of the National Easter Seal Society. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L., Nolin, T.L., Easton, R.D., & Mitchell, P.A. (1994). Signage specifications for transit vehicles: Human factors research. Final report B-AH No. 09073-163-R0723-888R.2. Booz-Allen & Hamilton.
Crandall, W., Bentzen, B.L., Mitchell, P., & Rosen, S. (1994). Infrared remote signage for the blind and print handicapped: An orientation and mobility study. Final report. National Easter Seal Society Research Program.
Bentzen, B.L., Nolin, T.L., Easton, R.D., Desmarais, L., & Mitchell, P.A. (1994). Detectable warning surfaces: Detectability by individuals with visual impairments, and safety and negotiability for individuals with physical impairments. Final report DOT-VNTSC-FTA-94-4 and FTA-MA-06-0201-94-2. U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, and Project ACTION, National Easter Seal Society. Retrieved from link.
Barlow, J.M. (1992). Transportation: Seeking new routes. Partnerships in gerontology, Atlanta Georgia: Georgia State University.
Bentzen, B.L. (1991). Spatial updating in the blind: Effects of training with air sonar versus sounding objects. Doctoral Dissertation. Boston College, 1991. (Dissertation Abstracts International–B, 52/11, p. 611.)
Bentzen, B.L. (1989). Considerations in the design of tactile maps for use by visually impaired travelers on rail rapid transit. Vol. 7 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-7.
Bentzen, B.L. (1989). Enhanced transit telephone information systems to promote accessibility of transit to visually impaired travelers. Vol. 6 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-6.
Bentzen, B.L. (1989). Specifications for letters and numerals for touch reading. Vol. 9 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-9.
Bentzen, B.L., & Peck, A.F. (1989). In-transit research concerning tactile warnings to promote safety in the vicinity of transit platform edges, Vol. 4 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-4.
Bentzen, B.L., & Peck, A.F. (1989). Laboratory research concerning tactile warnings to promote safety in the vicinity of transit platform edges, Vol. 3 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-3.
Bentzen, B.L., & Peck, A.F. (1989). Tactile warnings to promote safety in the vicinity of transit platform edges: Laboratory testing of Pathfinder Warning Tile vs. “corduroy”, Vol. 5 of Enhancing the use of rail rapid transit by visually impaired travelers, US Department of Transportation, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0141-88-5.
Peck, A.F., & Bentzen, B.L. (1987). Tactile warnings to promote safety in the vicinity of transit platform edges. US Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0120-87-1. Retrieved from link.
Easton, R.D., & Bentzen, B.L. (1987). Memory for verbally presented routes: A comparison of strategies used by blind and sighted people. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 81(3), 100-105. Retrieved from link.
Bentzen, B.L. (1984). Accessibility: Guidelines for blindness professionals, Yearbook of the Association for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired, 1984.